Alliances Will Determine The Fate Of The Chickasaw Tribe

Alliances will determine the fate of the Chickasaw tribe. During the Revolutionary war, Payamataha, the Chickasaw foreign diplomat, decided that maintaining peace and neutrality would better benefit the tribe and preserve the Chickasaw people and land. With Independence Lost by Kathleen DuVal, Payamataha decision to stay out of the Revolutionary War and advocate peace led to the defeat of the British and results in the loss of the Chickasaw land by the Americans. During the Seven Years War, the Chickasaws suffered many casualties and loss of resources while fighting off the French. Due to the many casualties, Payamataha felt that his strategy of peace would benefit the Chickasaws the most. However, Payamataha did not anticipate that the alliance with the British would affect the Americans view; no matter how minuscule the Chickasaws actions were. The Chickasaws made many mistakes during the Revolutionary War. Although Payamataha made resolutions of maintaining peace, the Chickasaws still made an alliance with the British without making the intentions clear. Despite the alliance, the Chickasaw did everything possible to stay out of the war while still staying on the good side of the British. While reassuring the British of the alliance in Mobile, Payamataha used his time to secure peace with other Indian Nations such as the Creeks, Choctaws, Cherokees, and Quapaws. In 1777 Payamataha sent a commission across the Mississippi to discuss joint interest with the Quapaw, and the

The Communication Barriers Facing People With Autism

Have you ever experience a moment when you were unable to communicate your words, or couldn’t think of the word to use the feeling you were trying to describe? Everyone has felt this way before, possibly multiple times per day. But the reality is for the people in our community with autism, this is a constant feeling of difficulty to communicate effective with others. The people that are diagnosed with autism face the daily obstacles of being unable to use their voice and having to learn different ways to read body language and tone of voice, something that comes fairly easy to most of us. The communication barriers facing people with autism enable us to work past the differences and find a new way of communicating that is effective for them. To begin, the autistic community has many different ways of communication that works for everyone that they interact with. One of those ways they have worked past their barriers of communication is using sign language. This enables anyone who doesn’t have a voice, or is unable to express their feelings and opinions using words, to show their emotions using a different way of language. Another barrier that is faced by the autistic community is that while our society is heavily based on using tone of voice and body language to communicate our feelings and our reactions to certain situations. The problem that arises from this is that people diagnosis with autism, do not pick up on social cues and are unable to use the same body languageShow MoreRelatedLymphatic And Immune System :831 Words   |  4 PagesThe endocrine and nervous system help in signaling and regulation of the immune functions. The immune system can be branched into two functional categories- innate and acquired. Innate immunity is largely unspecific. The skin acts as a physical barrier; phagocytic cells recognize molecular patterns on pathogens and engulf them; the acidity of gastric juices kills microbes that are ingested through food; hair and mucus in nostrils traps microbes coming through the air; other secretions like salivaRead MoreCultural Diversity and Awareness in the American Healthcare System1397 Words   |  6 PagesSince the surgery was performed under general anesthesia, patient was calm and resting for several hours after surgery, and the parents were happy with the result. However, patient started to wake up and getting somewhat restless. Due to the advanced Autism, I was not able to communicate and understand patient’s need verbally, therefore, I presumed that the patient is experiencing pain. On the other hand, the parents believe that the patient is getting confused waking up in different room, other thanRead MoreMind Over Matter: Psychedelic Drugs Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pagesreconsidered for at least schedule 2 as studies have shown an increase in the use of psychedelics in psychotherapy and can even help the terminally ill come to terms with their own deaths. In a world where mental illnesses like PTSD, depression, and autism are becoming more and more prevalent, MDMA, or â€Å"Ecstasy† is just the mental boost that someone needs and is illegally being dealt to patients while in therapy or counseling. The theory is that MDMA can raise â€Å"happiness levels† by forcing the brainRead MoreNvq 3 Assignment 307 Avi Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pageswith your colleagues and all other people. This will include carers, families, advocates, doctors, nurses, occupational therapists, other health professionals, social workers, voluntary organisations and other people. 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Mockingbird is a revealing story that allows one to look inside the m ind of a child with autism. Caitlin, the main character, has Asperger’s Syndrome, a term that was still widely in use at the time of the book’s publication. Caitlin is high functioning and extremely smart, butRead MoreThe Mental Disabilities Include Autism, Down Syndrome And1348 Words   |  6 PagesThe mental disabilities include autism, Down syndrome and many more. They need support from their parents, guardians, teachers, the government, and anyone else is taking part in their day-to-day lives. Such children need attention so that they do not miss on the important parts of their lives. This study aims to look at the people involved in their lives and the roles and responsibilities they play. For those children and young people who researchers identify as having such needs, will be hard toRead MoreThe United Nations Convention On The Rights Of The Child2362 Words   |  10 Pagesrights should be protected despite the â€Å"child’s or his or her parent’s or legal guardian’s race, Colour, sex, language, religion†¦properly, disability, birth or other status† (United Nations, 1989, Article 2, 1,). Parents and teachers are the first people who recognise these differences and it is significant for the children as it can affect their success in future development and learning. In early childhood education [ECE] setting as stated in Te whÄ riki (1996), â€Å"all children should be given theRead MoreSexuality Education Is Not All About Sex2620 Words   |  11 Pagessexual and nonsexual relationships, intimacy, positive adaptive behaviors, increased self-esteem, and pro-social behaviors (Hartman, 2014). Not many parents enjoy the idea of facing the idea of sexual education with their children, but it is essential that parents of children with autism do so. Lots of children with autism spectrum disorder will not have any opportunity to learn from movies, television, and friends. There are going to be areas of privacy, intimacy, and protection that are too much

Concussions Traumatic Brain Injury and Moderate Concussion Free Essays

Concussions A concussion is a clinical syndrome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) also referred to as mild brain injury (MBI), is characterized by immediate but transient posttraumatic impairment of the brain function. Mental confusion, alteration of mental status, and amnesia are hallmarks of concussion symptoms that may or may not also include the loss of consciousness. It temporarily interferes with the way your brain works, and it can affect memory, judgment, reflexes, speech, balance, coordination, and sleep patterns. We will write a custom essay sample on Concussions: Traumatic Brain Injury and Moderate Concussion or any similar topic only for you Order Now A concussion may result when the head hits an object or a moving object strikes the head. A concussion can result from a fall, sports activities, and car accidents. Significant movement of the brain can cause you to lose alertness. How long you remain unconscious may be a sign of the severity of the concussion. However, you don’t always involve a loss of consciousness. Most people who have a concussion never black out. You can have a concussion and not realize it. There are three grades to scale a concussions severity. Grade 1 is considered a mild concussion that has no loss of consciousness; posttraumatic amnesia lasting less than thirty minutes. Post concussion signs and symptoms other than amnesia lasting less than twenty-four hours. Grade 2 is a moderate concussion, loss of consciousness lasting less than one minute. Posttraumatic amnesia lasting longer than thirty minutes but less than twenty-four hours: postconcussion signs and symptoms lasting longer than twenty-four hours but less than seven days. Grade 3 is a severe concussion, which consist of loss of consciousness lasting more than one minute or posttraumatic amnesia lasting longer than twenty-four hours. The postconcussion signs and symptoms will last longer than seven days. There are several things a doctor can do to test an athlete or a patient for a concussion. The doctor will perform a physical exam and check your nervous system. There may be changes in your pupil size, thinking ability, coordination, and reflexes. Tests that may be performed include: EEG  which is a brain wave test it may be needed if seizures continue, head CT  scan, and MRI of the head. Many signs that a doctor can look for are altered levels of consciousness such as drowsy, hard to arouse, or similar changes, confusion or feeling spacey, headache, loss of consciousness, memory loss such as events before the injury or immediately after, nausea or vomiting, seeing flashing lights, and feeling like you have â€Å"lost time†. If the concussion occurred during a sporting event and resulted in a headache, confusion, or change in alertness, a trained person must determine when that person can return to playing sports. Healing or recovering from a concussion takes time. It may take days, weeks, or even months. You may be irritable, have trouble concentrating, unable to remember things, headaches, dizziness, and blurry vision. These problems will probably go away slowly. You may want to get help from family or friends before making important decisions. There is a testing that is call ImPACT testing that you test each athlete before physical activity. ImPact stands for Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing. Then in the case of a concussion they can take the athletes after and retest them on their memory skills. ImPACT provides computerized neurocognitive assessment tools and services that are used by medical doctors, psychologists, athletic trainers and other licensed healthcare professionals to assist them in determining an athlete’s ability to return to play after suffering a concussion. How to cite Concussions: Traumatic Brain Injury and Moderate Concussion, Papers

Policy free essay sample

It is my policy to set clear boundaries for children’s behaviour. My procedure is always to reward and encourage good behaviour. This could be done verbally or in the form of a reward chart. I will discuss the boundaries for behaviour with all children, if children understand the boundaries they will feel more secure. I will take into consideration the age and stage of the child and their individual needs. Distraction will be used to divert a child’s attention. Where possible, I will explain why what they have done is wrong. I will be a positive role model for them at all times. I will discuss any behaviour issues with parents, where necessary. I will never humiliate, restrain or isolate a child. Â  My policy is to treat everyone as an individual, and not to discriminate them on their beliefs, needs, abilities, or race. * I will ensure there are equal opportunities for all children. * I am happy to provide a range of facilities and activities that will support the child’s culture and beliefs. Children with learning difficulties or disabilities will be supported by working closely with the child’s parents/guardians. By giving each child in my care the attention they require to give them the equal opportunity to learn and develop. * By respecting that each child is an individual in their own right. Accident/Incident Policy It is my policy to keep children safe when they are in my care. The safety of your child is very important to me and I will take every measure to protect your child from causing an injury. However, unfortunately accidents do happen, in which case, these are the procedures I will follow: I will assess the extent of their injury and if necessary call for medical support/ambulance. I will carry any first aid procedures that are necessary as a trained First Aider. * I will comfort your child and reassure them * Once the child is settled I will contact you as soon as possible to inform you of the incident and if necessary ask you to care for your child. After every accident, however minor, I will: * Complete a report in my accident book * Ask you to sign the report and then provide you with a copy. Sick Child Policy I appreciate that as a working parent you need to be able to go to work, however if your child is unwell then they will be better cared for in their own home with a parent. I am happy to care for children with minor coughs and colds but will not care for children who are very unwell, infectious or running a high temperature. I have to consider all children in my care. If your child has had sickness or diarrhoea, the 48 hour rule applies. If your child becomes ill whilst in my care, I will make them as comfortable as possible, isolate them from the other children if necessary and reassure them. I will contact you immediately and continue to care for them until you arrive. By making alternative arrangements for your child and keeping them away from the setting we can minimise the risk of infection to other children and adults and contain the illness. If you have any concerns regarding this policy please contact me. Safeguarding Policy Child protection My first responsibility and priority is towards the children in my care. If I have any cause for concern I will report it, following the local Safeguarding Board procedures. The relevant local procedures I have are available on request. I understand that child abuse can be physical, sexual, emotional and neglectful, or a mixture of these. I must notify Ofsted of any allegations of abuse that are alleged to have taken place while the child is in my care. Procedure I keep up to date with child protection issues and relevant legislations by taking regular training courses and by reading relevant publications. This helps me be aware of the signs of abuse or neglect and what to do if I have a concern. I have copies of, and am familiar with, the local Safeguarding Children Board procedures. I have read them and have understood them. If I am concerned about a child’s welfare, I will contact the local authorities, the NSPCC, NCMA or any relevant support services for advice, confidentiality will be assured when it is clear the child is at no risk. Child protection concerns that could identify a particular child are kept confidential and only shared with people who need to know the information. Parents must notify me of any concerns they have about their child, any accidents, incidents or injuries affecting the child, which will be recorded. If we notice: * Significant changes in children’s behaviour unexpected bruising or marks or signs of possible abuse. * Any comments made which give us a cause for concern * Deterioration in general wellbeing which causes concern * Signs of neglect I will implement the Local Safeguarding children’s Board procedures without delay to minimise any risk to the child. I will call the local services’ duty desk immediately; if it is known that a child is at risk of harm. I will follow it up with a letter within 48 hours. I will keep a factual record of the concern and will ask the parents for an explanation, providing it would not put the child at risk. The standards for registered childminders in England require me to let Ofsted know of any concerns that we have reported without delay. If a child tells me that they or another child is being abused, I will: * Show that I have heard what they are saying, and that I take their allegation seriously. * Encourage the child to talk, but I will not prompt them when a child is recalling significant events and will not make a child repeat their account. Explain what actions I take, in a way that is appropriate to the age and understanding of the child. * Write down what I have been told using exact words where possible. * Make a note of the date, time, place and people who were present at the discussion. * Then report my concerns immediately to the duty social worker who has the experience and responsibility to make an assessment of the situation If an allegation is made against me, I will report it to Ofsted and social services, following the Safeguarding Children Board procedures. I will also contact the NCMA’s information line for support and advice. In all instances I will record: * The child’s full name and address * The date and time of the record * Factual details of the concern, for example bruising, what the child said, who was present * Details of any previous concerns * Details of any explanations from the parents * Any action taken such as speaking to parents It is not my responsibility to attempt to investigate the situation myself.

Marxs and Engelss Communist Manifesto

To understand the full meaning of the given passage, one must comprehend the historical and intellectual context in which it appears.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marx’s and Engels’s Communist Manifesto specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Basically, Marx’s and Engels’s Communist Manifesto has depicted human history as a continuous manifestation of class struggles between an oppressor minority and the oppressed majority. Before the advent of the industrial age, all oppressive power was vested in the hands of a feudal class – the aristocracy. The chain of events starting with the overthrow of the monarchy in the French revolution eroded the traditional power base of Europe, leading to the rise of a new class of oppressors among the serfs – the bourgeoisie. This class of men only spoke the language of money and had little use for traditional values such as workmanship, chiva lry, religion, family relationships and other forms of sentimentality. The proletariat – the labor class, then crowded to fill the ranks of the new oppressed majority, allowing their hard work to be exploited by the bourgeois capitalists for a bare minimum existence. Marx and Engels believed that through this exploitative association with the proletariat, the bourgeoisie was able to rise to the top of the social class pyramid, fostering the development of present day property relations which sit at the heart of a wealth-driven society. According to this theory, the onset of the 19th century saw the dawn of a new civilization in which all productive forces of society were being systematically channelized to secure the existence of bourgeois property. Consequently, the proletarians had little choice but to understand their place in the new hierarchy which thrived on their usefulness as workmen, but cared little for their welfare as human beings. Marx and Engels argued that such an exploitative arrangement could not last forever and in due course, discontent would rise to the surface, which would ultimately, force the labor class to rise in armed rebellion against an uncaring, bourgeois ruling class. The study passage serves to illustrate such an outcome.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The first section states that: The productive forces of society no longer tend to further the development of bourgeois civilization and the condition of bourgeois property. The conditions of bourgeois society are too narrow to comprise the wealth created by them. (Marxists Internet Archive, 2011). Since, discontent was growing heavily, Marx and Engles have tried to predict it would be only a matter of time before the bourgeoisie realized that their financial stranglehold on the proletariat was not strong enough to permanently secure their wealth due to the uneven nature of exploitation. Sooner or later, the ambitions of the proletariat would break the glass ceiling that until now, kept them down. To further assess the proletariat’s vulnerabilities, the passage looks into how the bourgeoisie desires to tackle this problem: And how does the bourgeoisie get over this crises? On the one hand, by the enforced destruction of a mass of productive forces; on the other hand, by the conquest of new markets, and by the more thorough exploitation of the old ones. That is to say, by paving the way for more extensive and more destructive crises, and by diminishing the means whereby crises are prevented. (Marxists Internet Archive, 2011). In association with other sections of the passage, we may gather that the authors, here, are referring to immoral tactics that have been employed by capitalists to demoralize the labor class; these include keeping the wages low i.e. enforcing destruction of a means to production, and looking for ingenious ways to exploit old markets while discovering new ones. Marx and Engles theorize that Capitalism thrives on the back of labor exploitation, which will set the events that would eventually lead to the downfall of such a system. The last section of the passage suggests that Capitalism’s seeds of destruction lie in its own methods of oppression:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marx’s and Engels’s Communist Manifesto specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The weapons with which the bourgeoisie felled feudalism to the ground are now turned against the bourgeoisie itself. But not only has the bourgeoisie forged the weapons that bring death to itself; it has called into existence the men who are to wield those weapons – the modern workers – the proletarians. (Marxists Internet Archive, 2011). Marx and Engels are here trying to imply that not unlike Frankenstein, the bourgeoisie has created a monster among the proletariats, who would one day untie the restraints that are keeping them tethered in submission. When such a thing happens in future, it would undermine the very foundations of the bourgeois power structure. The significance of the passage, can be seen in the context of the overall Communist Manifesto theory. The underlying theme of Communism tries to project the proletariat as the owner of all means of production in a distant, utopian future – a future where men are stripped of their right to exploit the labor of other men for their individual, selfish benefits. From the point of view of early 19th century history, this was a radical statement to make. To be first among his peers, Marx came with a theory where it was possible for the oppressed majority people to wrest the reins of power from an oppressive minority. The passage, here, serves as a clarion call to the proletariat to fight against the fetters of injustice, in order to rise against a global, tyrannical sys tem that has been exploiting it for its own good. If one reads between the lines, the passage serves to incite readers of that period to raise their voice against the injustices of the prevailing system It is significant to note that within years and decades of the publishing of Communist Manifesto, the world saw major Communist rebellions in South America. The impact of this passage is indeed profound, considering its indirect role in shaping human history. Reference Marxists Internet Archive. (2011, Oct 10). Manifesto of the Communist Party [Online document]. Retrieved from https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/index.htmAdvertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Marx’s and Engels’s Communist Manifesto was written and submitted by user Shania S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Dentistry essays

Dentistry essays Dentistry is described as diagnosing, preventing, and treating faulty teeth, gums, tongue, lips, and mouth tissue. A dentist must remove decay, fill cavities, examine x-rays, put a protection of sealants in mouths, straighten crooked teeth, and repair fractured and chipped teeth. Dentists also must preform many surgeries on the gums and jaws of patients. They must be able to extract teeth, make molds and models to send to dental laboratories to replace missing or decaying teeth. To make their jobs easier, dentists provide guidance on the use of anesthetics, dieting, brushing, flossing, water picking, fluorides, and tooth whitening. Most dentist work various amounts of times. The time range is usually between twenty five to forty hours a week. After medical school, dentists obviously tend to work more hours to pay for their education. Most dentists become solo practitioners. These dentists control their business with a small staff of hygienists and secretaries. They also sen d their molds, crown and bridge work, and porcelain out to dental technicians. Other dentists have partners and work in dental firms or hospitals or as an associate dentist. In the life of a dentist practically every day is a challenge. This career provides a great variety. It is quickly changing and a definite expanding profession. Usually for most diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and hypertension, dentists are the first health professionals to notice signs. In order to diagnosis such diseases dentists must use a variety of technology such as computers and magnetic imaging. Also to diagnose these health flaws a dentist must have a good ability for visual memory, judgement for size and shape, and a scientific ability. Dentists must also work to achieve a better appearance for their patients and a better health through cosmetic dentistry. After school dentists must continue to gradually increase their education and awareness through public ed...

Office Art Memo. Memorandum Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Office Art Memo. Memorandum - Assignment Example Technically of course, these will all be reproductions, as I do not believe our company wants to spend that millions on decorating an office! The first three works are prime examples of impressionist paintings. Like all impressionist paintings, they rely on observation of the real world, but attempt to focus more on how that affects the mind than reproducing exactly what is seen. They thus play with reflection, with light, and with the transparency of the water – and each one treats it differently. The 1916 work focuses on the lack of distinction between the lilies, the water and the space around it, while the 1906 and 1920 ones all focus on higher contrast, which is intentional so the paintings do not blur together too much in our office. The three post-impressionist paintings are vastly different. While Monet’s Water Lilies might have somewhat muted color for an impressionist work, these paintings thrive on bright colors, a staple of impressionism that was adopted in post-impressionism. They, however, are more arbitrary with color choice, feeling more at ease with mixing around colors that would not actually exist. Furthermore, they embrace geometric representations far more than impressionists would – straight lines, sharp angles and sweeping curves are the norm, as opposed to the Monet works where an almost pixelated application blurs objects together. These paintings would be arranged throughout the office in order to communicate both to our clients and our staff things we want about the company. The first painting anyone sees upon entering would be the 1906 Water Lilies, a classic work that invokes a sense of peace and beauty, perfect for a welcoming. The other two Water Lilies would be spaced throughout the office, alternating with the post impressionist works (which are much higher energy) reminding everyone to keep a positive space and an equilibrium in all circumstances. The next painting between the first two Water Lilies, which one would see when moving past reception, would be Century of Independence, a postimpressionist work that features bright colours, a great deal of energy, and people cavorting together: this invokes a sense of everyone pulling in the same direction. As mentioned above, there would then be another Water Lily. The next work would be the Portrait by Paul Signac, which features an almost 60seqsue swirl of color and pattern, and a man in profile marching purposefully to the left of the painting with a top hat and cane. This painting invokes youth: an energy and willingness to break through the molds and explore new things, and a sense of fun – which is something that everyone should be having at work, and produces a healthy work environment. Again, there would be the final Water Lilies painting. The final work, nestled at the back of the office, would be the Haying at Eragny. This serves as the unifying work of the entire office, having a mix of impressionist and post-impressionis t styles. It is more subdued than the other postimpressionists, and reminds everyone that no matter what, between the peace, the fun, the energy and the togetherness, we are all working hard to get important things done, much like the people in the painting who are working the land for their livelihood. It connects to all of the themes of the other painting: it has a

What do Northcentral's Mission Statement, Vision, and Values Statement Personal

What do Northcentral's Mission , Vision, and Values mean to me personally as a Learner - Personal Statement Example This can lead to several challenges in ensuring that students not only understand their lessons but are also integrated into the university's culture. I think Northcentral University is doing a very good job of ensuring this and as such is one of the best online universities out there. Northcentral university's mission statement and vision clearly spell out how their approach to online learning is unique and distinctive. The university's and its faculty's passion and commitment to educating individual students are clearly spelt out in the university's value statement. This distinctive approach to learning and the commitment of the faculty is passed onto the students and inspires them to conduct themselves with integrity and give their best performance through innovation and teamwork. In my opinion, Northcentral University's mission statement, vision and values statement help define how I as a learner shall conduct myself and learn from the dedicated faculty members. Northcentral Univ ersity's mission is to provide "quality educational opportunities" to people around the world. The commitment to providing education to not just a community but to interested individuals all over the world makes the university unique. Traditional universities, by the virtue of their location, can only provide education to the individuals living in the community. Because these traditional universities have a commitment to their communities, when they do enroll outsiders, they often charge them higher tuition rates. The campus-based model also means that students need to be at the campus at particular times, which can make it difficult for many students to pursue an education while also being gainfully employed. Northcentral University's online model takes care of these typical problems of a traditional university. It removes boundaries from education and makes it easily available at the same affordable rate to people around the world, thus removing the location based discrimination s een in local universities. The online model also allows busy professionals to get education without giving up their day jobs. Thus, the university's mission ensures that education can become truly universal by making it available to anyone who seeks it. A big problem often faced by online students is that the quality of education is often much lower than what is available through the traditional classroom model. One reason for this is that professors often think of their online classes as an additional job and are not dedicated to it in the same way as they are to their traditional classes. Since teachers can see their students in person in a traditional classroom, they feel more of a connection to them. In an online environment, this connection between the teachers and students is often missing. The "distinctive faculty mentored approach" of Northcentral University ensures that the university's students do not feel neglected by their teachers. Being a fully online university, teach ers do not see their online students as an additional job. The faculty's passion and investment into the student's education ensures that Northcentral University does not suffer from the problems faced by other online programs. Northcentral University values the needs of individual students promotes a passion for education in its faculty and administration. The focus on the needs of each individual student is important because in large class sizes, individual students often get lost. On the one hand, the brighter students stand out and often become teacher's favorite while on the other hand students at the bottom of the class are ignored. As a result, the good students excel and get much more attention from the teachers while the average students are left to fend for

Business accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business accounting - Essay Example Methodologies Used A preliminary literature study enables a research to get a feel of the topic to be covered (Goddard & Melville 2007: 19). Thus, secondary research has been undertaken after the identification of the research topic and the specific industry to focus on. The researcher has utilised textbooks written by renowned experts in the field of accounting for the purpose of gathering information that would be confirmed or negated in the later part of the research when the interviews with selected parties have been concluded and the results thereof have been orderly put together. After doing some secondary research, the particulars of the enterprise to be made subject of the research were next planned out. Finding the right enterprise was, indeed, a challenge that had to be dealt with. After all, managers or owners of business enterprises are usually the kind of people who are busy and are keen on never wasting their time on unimportant things. They also are likely to turn down the proposition to have their enterprises covered in a research paper such as this, especially if they see that it offers them no personal or commercial advantage. (Saunders, etc. 2007: 5) Requests that interviews be granted were sent and upon obtaining such permission, the researcher next worked on composing the questions to be asked. It has been established that in the conduct of interviews, a researcher must keep in mind what it is like to be in the shoes of the subjects interviewed (Andrews 2003: 1). Doing this would serve as an effective way to check on the quality of questions asked and the manner in which they are asked. Only relevant questions must be asked and a polite manner must be consistently adopted throughout the interview. These inputs from relevant sources have served to guide the researcher throughout the interviewing processes that had to be carried out as an integral part of this research. Interview answers - which represent data gathered from primary sources - then had to be compared with the information gathered from the textbooks - which, in turn, represent data from secondary sources. Similarities and differences were processed to get to findings and to deliver the results of this research. Results The subject of the research is one of the small-sized diners of London that is called "Sunday Diners." Located in the busy district of the city, it caters to college students and young professionals who drop by for quick meals or drinks on their way to school or to work. The diner's accountant and owner both graciously consented to be interviewed as their unique way to contribute to an important school project of one of their regular customers - the researcher. The latter undertook the interview procedures by visiting the diner during its less hectic hours for a week. The accountant, Miss Elizabeth Jones, maintains the books all by herself. She does the cash register, the cash disbursement register, the journal voucher, the general ledger an d summarizes them all monthly through the generated financial statements - the balance sheet, the income statement and the statement of changes in cash position. As if she does not yet have her hands full, Miss Jones also takes care of the subsidiary ledgers for both the accounts receivable and accounts payable of the diner. It is a good thing that the bank reconciliation statement does not anymore have to get in the way of adjusted cash balances. This is

Performance in practice and reflective account

Performance in practice and reflective account Introduction Assessment has always been an indispensible part of the learning process. The process helps to evaluate whether the course program results in generating benefits for the individuals participating in it. However, the process of assessment is not focused in real term. As per the studies conducted by Gibbs (1999) and Elton Johnston (2002), around 10% of the tasks that the students do in their academics are not accessed at all. On considering the case of nursing, it is noted that the lack of assessment leaves the chances of patients and public to suffer. On the other hand, the regressive assessment process can help a lot to the people attached with it. Mentorship always plays an important role in the preparation of the student to work in the practical environment. In my course of mentorship, I work as the staff nurse at the operation theatre. Recently in our organization, we have implemented the force tread valley lab and Aatherny machine in our department. There are several complications attached with the machine, as not many people have used it in their learning courses. Thus, it becomes important for me to make the students learn about the machine, how to operate it, how to take care of any unexpected result etc. For this assignment, I had conducted assessment program to analyse the learning that the learners gain from this machine. Based on the assessment done, I have come up with some important findings related to the machine and learners as well. Therefore, hereon, I would be discussing the experience after the proper assessment of the learners for the force tread valley lab and Aatherny machine incorporated in our department. For better analysis results, I had a meeting with the associate health practitioner to understand the proper ways of evaluation. My talks with him had helped me a lot in reaching to my goals i n quite a professional manner. Assessment Methods The process of assessment should of such a kind that that the students are able to gain something from it. If the process of learning is found to have some flaws as per the assessment, it is better to make amendments in the learning process (Brown et al., 1997). Thereon raises the need of rigorous assessment process the mentor shall take right steps of assessment to reach to the right results. In case mentor does not take right steps to assess his students, the results can be pathetic for both the student and the patients in the future. Thus, there are number of assessment processes in place. Some of the most commonly used assessment processes include (ACGME, 2000):- Patient Surveys Patient surveys are used for the assessment of satisfaction with the clinics, hospitals and they include questions about the physicians care (Smee, 2004). The questions are used with some general aspects of the physicians care (time spent with the patient), physician competency (knowledge and skills, courtesy or empathy). Some more specific aspects of care include physicians explanations, treatment steps and drug side effects, listening skills. Typical survey method includes rating techniques with poor, fair, good, very good, excellent rating standards or agreements with the care describing statements by using yes or no statement. Each rating has given a value and then the satisfactions score is calculated by the average of all responses for generating single score or scores for different clinical care settings or activities Objective structured Clinical Examination In the OSCE method, one or two assessment tools are managed by almost 12-20 patient encounter stations. Each station lasts after 10-15 minutes. Candidates may complete the patient notes or a detailed written examination about some previous patients encounter. All candidates move from one station to other station with the sequence of same schedule. Standardized patients are considered as the primary assessment tools that are used in OSCEs but it includes data interpretation exercise with the clinical cases and clinical conditions with anatomical models for the assessment of technical skills. 360 degree evaluation method 360-degreee evaluation method includes measurement tools that are to be completed by multiple people under the persons sphere of influence. The evaluators are peers, subordinates, patients, families and supervisors. This evaluation process uses questionnaire to collect information about the performances of individuals on several topics such as communication, management skills, decision- making, teamwork etc. The process also include rating scales for the assessment that how the behavior is performed. Then the ratings are summarized for all type of evaluations by the topic and overall for the purpose of providing feedback. Chart stimulated recall oral examination (CSR) In the CSR, the examinees are assessed in the form of standardized oral examinations. A trained and experienced examiner asks the questions about care provided for the reasons behind the diagnoses, interpretation of clinical findings and some treatment plans. The examiners rate the examinee by using well established scoring procedure. The well designed CSR cases generally take 5 to 10 minutes for each one but the typical CSR process is of two hours with one or more than one examiners/ physician per separates sessions of 30-60 minutes. Written Examinations This is just the test using Multiple- choice questions to check for the performance on participants. Simulation and model Simulation methods are used to assess the clinical performances and that are close to the reality and attempt to reproduce (Novotny et al., 2006; Waltz et al, 2010). However, these are not used for duplicating real clinical problems. Here are some attributes for simulation methods allow the examinees for a reason through the clinical problems without any signal. They integrate some options, permit the examinees for making some threatening errors without any damage to the patient, provide feedback to correct the mistake done, give rating to the performances of examinees on some clinical problems, which are impossible at the time of evaluation effectively. Some simulation methods have been developed as PMPs (patient management problems), role- playing situation (clinical team simulations, standardized patients (SPs), anatomical models or the combination of these three types. Anatomical models are used for body organs for pathological findings to simulate the disease of patients. VR sim ulations (virtual reality simulations) use computers with anatomical models and that allows an assessment of procedural skills and other clinical tasks Hereon, in the case at hand, we had made use of Simulation and model technique. This technique seems to be the best choice for this task because the course relates to learning of the force tread valley lab and Aatherny machine that is recently implemented in our department. The simulated environment gives a number of options that relate to reality. The student can learn practically, using this approach. I gave the students an opportunity to perform in the real time environment. In this practical environment, students are able to perform practically, and even there is no risk of any patients health. Thus, the life is safe as well. Direct practice on an individual is quite a risky practice. Therefore, the risk free method shall be made into practice. Hereon, the assessment method suggested very good results for me. It was quite a fair way to assess anyone. There cannot be any sort of variation due to any reason. Even the chances of biasness are minimized using the approach. What matter s in this assessment method is the practical performance. Critical Reflection The learning process in nursing is of quite importance. The successors of the course are expected to be responsible for the lives of people in the future. Therefore, there is the need for proper assessment of an individual who enrols in the program. I was given an opportunity to assess the performance of my students. My students were performing well in the theory sessions. I found that the force tread valley lab and Aatherny Machine are quite crucial to in the nursing related activities. The students here in our course were trying to workout to learn how to make use of these devices in practice. One who makes use of both the machine and the knowledge of nursing is the actual nursing specialist, else knowing how to operate a machine would just make him limit to being a machine operator (Andrist et al., 2006; APA, 2008). The nurses are seen facing trouble in using technological devices since the mid 1960s (Sandlelowski, 2000). Thus, there is something, which acts as a hurdle against the process of learning to handle technological devices. The process suggests the right use of skills in order to gain from the machines. The skills of nurses are evaluated more and more using the usage skills of machines (Ferguson Calder, 1993), as t hese machines have become an indispensible part in ones nursing course process. Even the introduction of the machine in our department adds to the reason for learning the process of using machine. Hereon, the results I got from the performance of students was quite astonishing. I was happy to see that some of the students operated the machine in simulated environment in such a good manner that it seems that these students can operate in a real world environment as well. These students are expected to grow at a good rate within their career arena. However, the performance of some of the students was too bad. We are lucky that we have the assessment model of simulated environment, from which we can find out the students who are too weak to handle the practical situations. These students are too risky to operate in real term. Therefore, the right use of the simulated environment was of help for me to analyse the performance of students and their easiness to operate the machine. Based on the assessment, the weaker students are suggested to work out on their learning sessions. Machines are usually found tough to be used by the students in general (Brown Edwards, 2007; Anderson, 2000). The student needs to learn the process of using the machine along with implementation of their nursing knowledge, which is not an easy task. Therefore, the problem situation arises hereon. In our case, as our department did not make use of any machine in earlier days, but sudden incorporation of machine in our department had acted as a hurdle against our regular management operations. The need of proper knowledge in technical terms can help an individual to perform in a better manner. Thus, mentors are quite crucial to assess the students. I shall however keep an eye to maintain the standards as per the NMC (2006). This suggests me to assess thoroughly each of the students performance. This would help me in reaching to the right assessment decision. Conclusion The assessment has been an important player in the success of an individuals performance. Thus, I need to properly evaluate the students to understand their comfort with using the force tread valley lab and Aatherny Machine. The simulated assessment method used by me was quite a good choice. I was able to clearly analyse and evaluate the performance of individuals. Some of the students were though finding it tough to use the machine. This was mainly due to the reason that our organization did not use the machine earlier. Thus, it further added to the complexity of assessing the students. I found the successful candidates in this evaluation method were quite strong in their performance activities, and I expect the bright future of these individuals. The recent implementation of machine in our department acted as the major reason for this. The learning to use a machine is a time consuming process. It is expected that with due course of time, my students would be able to learn the way to use the machine. However, I have even planned extra sessions for those who do not perform well during my assessment sessions. These special sessions would be aimed to help the students in learning the areas they are lacking in. This way, I would be able to generate brighter talent from my department, which can be a great asset for future nursing.

Julius Caesar: Synopsis Of Brutus :: essays research papers

Marcus Brutus, Caesar’s noble friend, joined the conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar because of his love for Rome. The Lives of the Greeks and Romans gives a very good description of Brutus; it was not far off what Shakespeare describes Brutus as. Plutarch described Brutus as A marvelous lowly and gentle person, noble minded, and would never be in any rage, nor carried away with pleasure and covetousness; but had ever an upright mind with him, and would never yield to any wrong or injustice. (p. 139) Brutus was a very respected and honest man. Casca, one of the conspirators, said that he was very respected by the people by saying â€Å"O, he sits high in all the people’s hearts, And that which would appear offence in us, His countenance, like richest alchemy, Will change to virtue and to worthiness.† (I, iii, l 157-160) Casca said this to Cassius. Marcus Brutus was very essential to the conspirators because this would have ensured that the people would listen to them. Brutus was also a true Roman. When Cassius and all of the other conspirators met Brutus at his house and all of them decided to murder Caesar, Cassius said that all of them should swear. Brutus then said, â€Å"No, not an oath: if the face of men, The sufferance of our souls, the time’s abuse—If these be motives weak, break off betimes,† (II, i, l 114-116) and â€Å"Than secret Romans, that have spoke the word And will not palter?† (II, i, l 125-126) Here, Brutus is saying t hat if they are true and honest Romans they do not have to take an oath, their word should be good enough.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brutus was the only man in the conspiracy with good intentions. Brutus wants to assassinate Caesar for the good of Rome. The other conspirators are all doing it for their own selfish reasons. Brutus’ motives, for joining the conspirators, indicate that he was very public-minded and morally conscientious. When Brutus says â€Å"But for the general. He would be crown’d: How that might change his nature, there’s the question:† (II, i, l 12-14) He was stating that it will be for the good of Rome to assassinate Caesar. Also he did not want their assassination to seem too gruesome, this shows he was morally conscientious. When Cassius said that they should also kill Antony, Brutus says â€Å"Our course will seem too bloody, Caius Cassius†.

Animal Farm’s Totalitarian Leader Essay

Animal Farm’s leader, Napoleon, has all the power. He is able to build up and hold onto that power as a totalitarian leader, which is a central government that controls over all aspect of life. Napoleon did many different things to get to that power and hold onto it. Napoleon first took charge after the rebellion against Mr. Jones. He and Snowball, who was the other smart pig on the farm, wrote the seven commandments. The other animals don’t know how to read, so Snowball needed to read it to them. â€Å"Never mind the milk, comrades!† cried Napoleon.(Orwell 44). â€Å"So the animals marched down to the hayfield to begin harvest, and when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared.†(44) † So the animals trooped down to the hayfield to begin the harvest, and when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared.†(44) â€Å"Comrades!† he cried. â€Å"You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us actually dislike milk and apples. I dislike them myself. Our sole object in taking these things is to preserve our health. Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig. We pigs are brainworkers. The whole management and organization of this farm depend on us. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for YOUR sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Yes, Jones would come back!†(52). Napoleon and Snowball sent squealer to strike the animals with fear that Jones might return, and stole the apple and milk from them because they â€Å"require it†. Napoleon took care of everyone who was a threat to him.† At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and nine enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place just in time to escape their snapping jaws.† (66) Napoleon got rid of Snowball because he was a threat to his power. Snowball was in favor of helping the farm, but Napoleon just wanted to get the power for himself.† To the amazement of everybody, three of them flung themselves upon Boxer. Boxer saw them coming and put out his great hoof, caught a dog in mid-air, and pinned him to the ground. The dog shrieked for mercy and the other two fled with their tails between their legs. Boxer looked at Napoleon to know whether he should crush the dog to death or let it go. Napoleon appeared to change countenance and sharply ordered Boxer to let the dog go, whereat Boxer lifted his hoof, and the dog slunk away, bruised and howling.†(92) Napoleon tried to get Boxer killed but Boxer did not realize that, that’s why Napoleon countenance. Napoleon tried to get Boxer killed because everyone looked up to him, and he was loyal to Napoleon. † ‘Alfred Simmonds, Horse Slaughterer and Glue Boiler, Willingdon. Dealer in Hides and Bone-Meal. Kennels Supplied.’ Do you not understand what that means? They are taking Boxer to the knacker’s!†(123).Everyone thought Napoleon was sending Boxer to the hospital, but really they were going to kill him. Napoleon tried keeping all of the animals dumb so it can be easier to take advantage of them. â€Å"It was the most affecting sight I have ever seen!† said Squealer, lifting his trotter and wiping away a tear. â€Å"I was at his bedside at the very last. And at the end, almost too weak to speak, he whispered in my ear that his sole sorrow was to have passed on before the windmill was finished. ‘Forward, comrades!’ he whispered. â€Å"Forward in the name of the Rebellion.† Long live Animal Farm! Long live Comrade Napoleon! Napoleon is always right. †Those were his very last words, comrades.† Here Squealer’s demeanor suddenly changed. He fell silent for a moment, and his little eyes darted suspicious glances from side to side before he proceeded.†(125) Squealer easily lied to them about them taking Napoleon to the hospital. Napoleon changed the Seven Commandments without the animals knowing, because they were working too much to have time to read. The original Commandments were:†1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. 2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. 3. No animal shall wear clothes. 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. 6. No animal shall kill any other animal. 7. All animals are equal. â€Å"(43) In the end, Napoleon took them all out and left only one; Four legs good, Two legs better. Napoleon used many different techniques to build up and hold onto the power he has over Animal Farm. He kept the animals dumb, got rid of his threats and changed the commandments.

Free Essays on Out Of Control Operating Costs

Out of Control Operating Costs and the Major Airlines BY Abstract Out of control operating costs is one reason that the major airlines today are having the financial difficulties they do. The industry has changed dramatically in the last few years, and those that don’t change with it will not survive. The lower cost airlines seem to have captured the changing market and been able to benefit during the evolution. Many reasons are to blame for the majors being on the loosing end of the stick, but in this paper I will only discuss a few of the most important ones. The airline industry today faces more financial problems than ever before. Since 2001, the U.S. airline industry has confronted financial losses of previously unseen proportions. From 2001 to 2003, the industry lost $23 billion, and two of the nation’s biggest airlines have gone into bankruptcy. In the first quarter of 2004, only two of the seven major airlines, American and Southwest, made profits (Bond 2004). In addition to rising fuel and equipment costs, fares have stayed extremely low because of fierce competition with low cost carriers. US Airways, the seventh largest carrier, based out of Charlotte, NC seems to have the biggest problem. The airline emerged out of bankruptcy only a year ago and takes in revenues that would produce a profit at most other airlines, yet continues to be in the red. In order to see possible solutions for the major airline industries out of control operating cost this paper will analyze the problems facing the industry. Before the Deregulation Act of 1978, the airlines were heavily controlled by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB). This Board controlled ticket prices as well as routes and flight frequency. Ticket prices at that time were too high to truly promote the air industry. Other modes of transportation were far more cost effective to the c... Free Essays on Out Of Control Operating Costs Free Essays on Out Of Control Operating Costs Out of Control Operating Costs and the Major Airlines BY Abstract Out of control operating costs is one reason that the major airlines today are having the financial difficulties they do. The industry has changed dramatically in the last few years, and those that don’t change with it will not survive. The lower cost airlines seem to have captured the changing market and been able to benefit during the evolution. Many reasons are to blame for the majors being on the loosing end of the stick, but in this paper I will only discuss a few of the most important ones. The airline industry today faces more financial problems than ever before. Since 2001, the U.S. airline industry has confronted financial losses of previously unseen proportions. From 2001 to 2003, the industry lost $23 billion, and two of the nation’s biggest airlines have gone into bankruptcy. In the first quarter of 2004, only two of the seven major airlines, American and Southwest, made profits (Bond 2004). In addition to rising fuel and equipment costs, fares have stayed extremely low because of fierce competition with low cost carriers. US Airways, the seventh largest carrier, based out of Charlotte, NC seems to have the biggest problem. The airline emerged out of bankruptcy only a year ago and takes in revenues that would produce a profit at most other airlines, yet continues to be in the red. In order to see possible solutions for the major airline industries out of control operating cost this paper will analyze the problems facing the industry. Before the Deregulation Act of 1978, the airlines were heavily controlled by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB). This Board controlled ticket prices as well as routes and flight frequency. Ticket prices at that time were too high to truly promote the air industry. Other modes of transportation were far more cost effective to the c...

The eNotes Blog Best Beatrice and Benedick Insults,Explained

Best Beatrice and Benedick Insults,Explained Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing is one of his most successful romantic comedies. It is ridiculously funny, in part because the banter is so absurd (the characters even more so), but also in part because unlike other Shakespearean comedies, there’s actually no major tragedy that ensues. One of my favorite parts of reading Much Ado About Nothing was the delightfully witty banter between two of the main characters: Beatrice and Benedick. I am not alone in this. Many people credit this play’s lasting success to the hilarious rapid-fire between these two characters. The thing is, Shakespeare used a lot of slang from his time, so many of his jokes are more difficult to figure out. So, in order to get the full effect of their brilliant gibes (and trust me, you really do want to), you might need to do a bit of translation to see what they’d sound like if we said them today. Don’t fret though- I’ve done a bit of the work for you. But of course, this means spoilers! Read on if you want to learn how to wittily banter with someone while simultaneously courting them, according to Beatrice and Benedick. Name Calling Beatrice:     Ã‚  I wonder that you will still be talking, Signior   Benedick:   Nobody marks you. Benedick:  Ã‚  What, my dear Lady Disdain! are you yet living? Beatrice:     Ã‚  Is it possible Disdain should die when she hath such                                 meet food to feed it as Signior Benedick? Courtesy itself                                 must convert to disdain if you come in her presence                                   - (act 1 scene 1). If we spent a little more time crafting our insults these days, we might say this like: â€Å"Why are you are still talking, Benedick? Nobody is listening to you.† â€Å"Oh, look! It’s my Lady Disdain herself! Aren’t you dead yet?† â€Å"How could Lady Disdain die when there are people like you to keep disdain alive? When you’re here, even Lady Courtesy turns into Lady Disdain.† We all want to seem really cool when we reunite with the one we love for the first time in years (or is it just me). To do so, be sure to use â€Å"punny† jokes to insult their intelligence and demeanor. If you really want to impress someone, Benedick suggests you double the insult with some good old-fashioned name-calling. Real mature, Benedick. I Dont Like You More Than You Dont Like Me Beatrice and Benedick are fond of playing a game called, â€Å"Who is less vulnerable to love’s pains?† Or in other words: Maybe if we both act like we really loathe one another, no one will notice that we don’t. Quick, say something rude about my appearance! Beatrice:      [] I thank God and     my cold blood, I am of your humour for that. I had rather     hear my dog bark at a crow than a man swear he loves     me. Benedick:   God keep your Ladyship still in that mind! So some     gentleman or other shall ‘scape a predestinate scratched     face. Beatrice:     Scratching could not make it worse an ‘twere such     a face as yours were.                        - (act 1 scene 1) Today, I imagine this as something like: â€Å"Thank God that I don’t care about love and romance. I’d rather listen to my dog bark at a crow than hear a man swear that he loves me.† â€Å"Well let’s hope you stay in that frame of mind, so some poor guy can avoid getting his face scratched up.† â€Å"If he has a face that looks like yours, even a good scratching couldnt make him look any worse.† Obviously, we know that neither of these two are truly impervious to love’s charms, but it’s fun to watch them pretend to be, isn’t it? It might seem counter-intuitive to tell the person that we’re crushing on that their face looks like a cat used it for a scratching post. But as we can see here, calling them ugly totally lets them know that you’re into them (she said, sarcastically). I Just Came to Tell You That I Hate Talking to You When Beatrice is told to deliver the message to Benedick that dinner is ready, she takes the moment to remind him how much she hates talking to him- because obviously if you love someone you should definitely tell them repeatedly how much you hate being in their presence. Benedick: You took pleasure then in the message? Beatrice:  Ã‚  Yea, just so much you may take upon a knife’s point,                              and choke a daw withal.                              - (act 2 scene 3). This one is only self-explanatory if you know that a daw is a very small bird that eats, you guessed it, a very small amount of food. Beatrice is saying something like the following:   I enjoyed telling you that dinner was ready about as much as it would take to make a daw choke. Ooh, Elizabethan burn! As you can see, Shakespeare is the perfect guy to go to when you need a little inspiration for some good old-fashioned insults to mask your undying love for someone. Because if it worked for them†¦ just kidding. I don’t think you should try this at home. But all joking aside, Much Ado About Nothing is filled with romantic relationships that are really complicated. Beatrice and Benedick’s relationship is no exception. Their fears and insecurities cause the two to push one another away, but their game of wits shows them to be compatible in their intelligence, humor, and wit. They eventually admit their love to one another with the help of meddling from their friends and well-timed letter reading, as only characters in a play can. I for one, am happy for these two lovebirds.

Management accounting and the challenge of strategic focus Essay

Management accounting and the challenge of strategic focus - Essay Example The study made use of qualitative analysis of secondary narrative data on the company subject of the case study. Through qualitative data analysis, the study employed the self-referential, â€Å"autopoietic† theory to explain the role of the firm’s management accounting system in providing control and guidance in relation to the firm’s â€Å"self-production.† The title is short and categorical, sufficient to capture the interest of a student who would be interested in an article on the general topics of either management accounting or strategic management, or the link between them. However, for one who is looking for a particular topic within the scope of either field, the title does not sufficiently convey the specific gist of what the paper is about. Either field is very broad, and the title should properly encapsulate what aspect of the link between the two subjects is discussed. Since the focus of the discussion is on autopoiesis, this single word, coupled with management accounting and strategic management, would have provided the a sufficiently concise yet informative title. The title we would suggest would be: â€Å"Application of Autopoiesis Theory in Organization Strategy† The abstract gives a concise yet informative summary of the study, identifying it immediately as a case study and therefore preparing the reader to address it as such. It also provides the reader with the theoretical underpinning of the work (autopoietic theory) as well as the eventual conclusion, which is beneficial to the reader who wants to know if the further perusal of the study would serve his purposes. Some of its vocabulary appears to be specialized and operational to the study (e.g. â€Å"self-production†), but these need not be explained in the abstract. Actually, the use of such words makes the abstract more effective in capturing the interest of the reader. Upon reading the introduction, one is immediately

The history of manufacturing in the State of Michigan Essay

The history of manufacturing in the State of Michigan - Essay Example Mining and lumbering industry grew and developed rapidly and the profit from this industry paved the way for the growth of manufacturing industry in Michigan. Michigan became the largest manufacturer of iron and steel products in America. Transportation on railways and waterways were improved to help the growth of industrial sector (â€Å"The Growth of Manufacturing†). In the early history of development of Michigan, manufacturing industry hardly existed. Any small manufacturing units that were there during the early period produced goods only of domestic varieties to be used by families, especially farmers. The farmers produced goods with their own physical labour to meet their own demands. A variety of artisans like blacksmiths existed to make those goods that the families were not able to make by themselves (May & Dunbar 393). In the middle of the nineteenth century, Detroit was an important metropolitan centre in Michigan. Industry of trading and manufacturing flourished during that period and the population of the city became more than double. This added to the cultural advantage of the city. In 1850, illuminating gas was manufactured for the first time. It replaced the use of candles in many homes of citizens. The gas lights lightened up important streets, business centers and hotels. Sewing machines were begun to be manufactured in 1860 to ease household tasks. Kerosene lamps were first manufactured in 1861 and it came into the reach of families with moderate earnings (May and Dunbar 274-275). During the civil war in Michigan from 1861-1866, many new railroads were constructed. Lumbering industry continued to flourish like before. There was shortage of labour during the war as many young people participated in the war. In spite of this shortage, there was rapid development of the manufacturing and the mining industries. The farmers went on with their daily chores as usual. They began to work longer than before and took the help of

Crop Insurance Proposal Could Cost U.S. Billions PowerPoint Presentation

Crop Insurance Proposal Could Cost U.S. Billions - PowerPoint Presentation Example Yet other farmers reflect that they should produce enough crop that is actually capable of supporting subsides since the crop market thrives because of subsidies itself. In order to compete in the international arena, the plains of Dakota and Montana are slowly being converted to crop fields while they once were the abode of birds. There is a gigantic increase in the prices of the land while the grasslands are being transformed to fields. The real estate business is thriving leaps and bounds, since, everyone is eager to purchase the land for farming. Farmers are guaranteed a profit even though the land is not so fertile and there is a definite risk of loss. It is also true that the government shows neutral approaches regarding taking the risk while the farmers prefer to be risk averse (Dinar 1994).According to a Government Accountability Office, the costs of the crop insurance programme have augmented since the raise in the value of the crops. Despite the cost issues attached to the insurance programme, it is still widely appreciated by the masses of

How effectively two productions of Macbeth introduce Duncan Essay Example for Free

How effectively two productions of Macbeth introduce Duncan Essay Examine how effectively two productions of Macbeth introduce Duncan. In your answer you may wish to consider setting, lighting, costumes and choice of actor? King Duncan is introduced in the text as text as the first speaking character after the witches, and in only a short space of time has shown himself to be a figure of power, able command the respect of his fellow man and is a keen listener. William Shakespeares text starts by showing King Duncans authority in his first sentence: What bloody man is that? The king demands, instead of waiting for an answer, he puts two and two together and says: He can report, as seemth by his plight And the soldier tells the king about the battle. Duncan also keeps his Reponses short and to the point, he appears to be a good listener as he never interrupts anyone while there talking and waits for his turn to talk, a respectful king. Also as king he appears to be noble even though he doesnt have to be, this is shown by: O valiant cousin, worthy gentleman Here he addresses Macbeth with a title furthermore calling him brave and he calls the captain worthy. He is also a caring man this is demonstrated after the bleeding captain finishes tells him about the battle: Go get him surgeons. The king doesnt have to have anything to do with this but he takes action. In 1971Roman Polanski directed a cinema version of the Shakespeare play Macbeth. This film introduced a whole new generation to William Shakespeare, Listed below are differences between this form of media and what was traditionally seen as the home of Shakespeare, the stage. The differences being a less sophisticated audience, in terms of knowledge Shakespeares plays. Ability to film on location, this has the advantage of looking great it if done correctly but if it is done badly it looks cheap and tacky. The amount of actors in the movie industry out weights that of the stage productions, so a range of talent to choose from is greater. Roman Polanski not only takes advantage of all of the above but he makes the characters his as he sees them. An example of the is King Duncan, Polanski chooses a man of about 45 years of age, he does this because he doesnt to see older less active man, he wants to show a king of action, this is shown in the movie, when we see the king on horseback riding across the battlefield, this happens at the expense of the text at the start of act 1 scene 2 where it says the location: King Duncans camp near Forres It says camp not battleground, the king would never go into battle himself this was his right as a king. Another thing Polanski does is to show the king wearing a poncho with his family coat of arms embroiled on it, below this Duncan is clad to battle armour, this gives us a false impression of bravery, and he also rides with his crown on his head this is to gain yet more attention, almost rubbing his advantage over the lesser men. The opening with scene with Duncan has him riding over a sand dune, but before we even see this we people play the trumpet, you have to important to have your own fanfare and guard, as they ride on to beach the camera keeps up with them and we see the sky the is heavily over cast, maybe a sign of things to come. Polanski has also seen fit to shorten the parts to the play, the effect of this is to keep things flowing fast and to hold the audiences attention. When Duncan starts talking to the injured captain, it seem very informal, theyre all it horse and none of them show respect to king by bowing or other courtships. The king then travels to see Cawdor, who is pined down, by seeing this man Duncan is lower himself because it almost like he is getting his hands dirty as appose to just giving orders, then he takes out his board sword and lowers it to Cawdors neck where in skilfully removes a medallion and for the briefest of moments we think he going to kill him. In the Trevor Nunn version of Macbeth, this is a stage production by the Royal Shakespeare Company. There are more limitations placed on the director because it is a stage production all the action takes place in the same place, this also forces the audience to use there imaginations, more that a film. Props can be used but there are limitations to how much you can do. The opening sequence we see a circle of light, a metaphor for everlasting life, everything is in complete darkness except the for this circle, the forces of evil and the force of good are both represented and both will play roles in the play. The actors come on stage from the darkness and one stands the king, he is wearing a white one piece sheet, the white is in contrast with the darkness and could be a metaphor for peace and purity. The camera then pans around each actor in turn, each is wearing black and looks to be about middle age, then it passes Duncan who has a full beard and looks quite like a Santa Claus figure Santa is known for his kindness and good judgement this also true for Duncan. After the witches predicts, we see how frail he is when to friendly face comes to his aid helping him to his feet, his maybe a sign that the end is coming. In summary the both versions of Macbeth enlightening, it was useful to get some elses perspective on Macbeth. But there can be not denying Duncan greatness when an enemy say this: Besides, This Duncan hath borne his faculties so meek, hath been so cleat in his great office Macbeth says this about Duncan, with enemies like this who need friends. I think Trevor Nunn version represented Duncan better because Nunn used simple but very powerful metaphors.

AIDS/HIV Report :: essays research papers

AIDS...Are You Afraid?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This week when school starts, September 5th, a new child is enrolling. The school will not give out her name but they will give out more personal things for example, she is HIV infected. I was sad for the girl but i was also happy to hear this, because it will educate the kids at Windam Tech. Another reason is that i would enjoy letting this girl to be finally â€Å"let in† for once, and this would also be good for the community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How AIDS entered this world is uncertain ,people have their theories; AIDS came from monkeys, the government nfected people with the virus to control the population, and African Americans brought the virus from Africa. This is only the beginning, people these days think that the virus can be spread through toilet seats or even hugging. This is why we need to educate the people, tell them the truth, you can only get aids through blood, vomit, seman, needles, or vaginal secreations. She will educate the school and the community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It would also be very helpful to this girl who is infected to be â€Å"let in† for once. Not only the girl has fear but her family has fear too. Fear that people will find out and know. As a suriviving sister was furios with her parents because they would not acknowledge to anyone that her brother had AIDS. They told everyone he died from a brain tomor.# This is very important because the last few moments of this girls life should be delightful, not humiliating.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bringing an infected person to the community will be good for it. Over 35,000 people die from AIDS* whic means they have to live somewher, why not here? Imagine the heading on the front page, â€Å" Community of Windham has a special heart†. This could lead to more budget, tax cuts, or

Nuclear Power - A Short History Essay -- Nuclear Energy Breeder Fissio

Nuclear Power - A Short History Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nuclei of (normally) very heavy or unstable elements (normally heavier than iron), resulting in a release of large amounts of energy as well as the unstable, radioactive isotopes of lighter elements, as well as any logical number of neutrons. For uranium 235, the most abundant usable fuel present in nature, the number of neutrons released is about 2.4 per atom, and the energy released is about 215 MeV per atom (Example, nd), or about 215 MeV * 6.02*10^23 235U * 1000 g * joule 235U 1 * g * Kg * MeV * 1.602*10-13 = 8.05*10^15 joule or 8.05 petajoule per kilogram of uranium 235 However, uranium is not found in natural concentrations of more than 0.7% of any given amount of uranium; in order to efficiently obtain energy from uranium, one must "enrich" the uranium, or concentrate the usable isotopes (Uranium, nd). Leo Szilard, a Hungarian scientist who had recently escaped Berlin for London, first entertained the idea of a chain-reaction of radioactive isotopes in 1933 (Szilà ¡rd, 2006); he patented his idea in 1936 in the U.K., and shared a patent with Enrico Fermi in the United States. Later, Otto Hahn and Fritz Stressmann, along with Lise Mietner and her nephew Otto Frisch, discovered fission when Hahn and Stressmann bombarded uranium with neutrons, resulting in the emission of a few smaller atoms in addition to neutrons and energy; Mietner and Frisch interpreted the resulting energy and atoms as being the results of fission of the uranium atoms' nuclei ("History," Georgia State University, nd); this fission resulted in huge amounts of energy per reaction (on the order of 200 mega electron-volts per atom of uranium 235). In 1942 and after deciding that ura... ...n the Accident at Three Mile Island. Retrieved August 2, 2006 from http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/ doc-collections/fact-sheets/3mile-isle.html Nuclear Tourist. (2005, December 19) Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR). Retrieved August 2, 2006 from http://www.nucleartourist.com/type/pwr.htm Wikipedia. (2006, August) Chicago Pile 1. Retrieved August 2, 2006 from Nuclear Energy 7 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Pile_1 Wikipedia. (2006, August) Leà ³ Szilà ¡rd. Retrieved August 2, 2006 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%C3%B3_Szil%C3%A1rd Wikipedia. (2006, August) Magnox. Retrieved August 2, 2006 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnox Wikipedia. (2006, August) Nuclear Power. Retrieved August 2, 2006 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power Wikipedia. (2006, August) Nuclear Fission. Retrieved August 2, 2006 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission

How is our current Economic growth compared to 30 years ago Essay

The year 1979 saw both external and internal conditions become difficult owing to rising inflation with end user prices increasing by 13%. The years 1979 to 1981 saw the US experience a double-digit price increase owing to global petroleum price increases, federal financial policies, plus the spending patterns of the government. The United States economic system started to take a descending trend. In order to manage such financial troubles, the administration of jimmy carter squeezed the national financial plans and implemented financial restraint (United nations, 2008). The administration as well declared short plus long-term energy regulations and attempted to control the financial climate. By mid 1900s, the US was a key end user of almost each significant industrial unprocessed material. Approximately 40 percent of the global total production of commodities was done in the US industries, even though American population was approximately 6 percent of the global total, with its total territory area being approximately 7 percent of total earth surface (Kubarych, 2002). United States production has gone on expanding recently, although at a more sluggish pace compared to other First World nations. THE United States by far surpasses each other country in the volume of her Gross national product (GNP) in unqualified terms. Unites states’ GNP experienced a growth rate of more than 300% ($3. 3 trillion) from 1970 to 1983. The year 1998 saw Americas Gross Domestic product (GDP) REACH $8. 5 trillion; per person GDP reached $31,500. 2002’s per person GDP mounted to $37,600, with national GDP amounting to $10. trillion. US Inflation in the 1990s was not significant as it was from the 1970s to 1980s. US rates are lower than those of many First World nations. From 1970 to 1978, for instance, end user prices rose by 6. 7 percent per annum (Sheikh, 1999). Following twenty years of financial prosperity, the US witnessed a financial decline in the 1970’s, an era famous for the unparalleled blend of stagnating economic progress plus inflation, which led to the development of the term stagflation. Overseas competitors within Europe and Japan confronted the world dominance of US manufacturers, whereas the 1973-1974 and 1979 petroleum crises eroded public trust in business and government institutions (Fisher, 2009). The mandatory Lockheed and Chrysler bailouts symbolized the tough changeover to a fresh economic period, characterized by the significance of the service segment and plus the growth of little business ventures. During the initial presidential tenure of Ronald Reagan, beginning in 1980 to 1984, America witnesses 2 harsh recession years succeeded by 2 strong recovery years. Inflation rates declined with many new job opportunities created. However, the early plus mid-eighties economic growth was accompanied by several shocking developments. National budget shortfalls, arising from spectacular military expenditure increases, and from increasing entitlement plan, for instance, Medicare and Medicaid, costs, averaged in excess of $150 billion per year. As at 1992, total shortfall amounted to $290 billion, in other words $1,150 per each American citizen (Marcy, 2008). Additionally, company debt increased spectacularly, and family borrowing increased twofold compared to personal revenue. The 1980s as well experienced banking crisis due to several factors including: problem lending to Third World nations; elevated interest and inflation rates; and speculative property market schemes that made many banks collapse when the early 1980s property market boom collapsed. The Ronald administration brought in Reaganomics in 1981, which were fiscally-expansive financial policies, thus reducing federal revenue levy rates by twenty five percent. Inflation reduced from 1980’s 13. 5 percent figure to a mere 3 percent in 1983 because of tougher control of interest rates and money supply by the Federal Reserve and a brief recession. Real GDP went on increasing and unemployment went on rising to peak at 10. 8 percent in 1982, and then fell to 5. 4 percent in 1989. The disparity between the wealthy and the poorest increased whereas the national debt tripled. In 1981 the national debt was $930 billion; it stood at $ 2. 6 trillion in 1988. The United States began to experience huge trade shortfalls (http://www. mofa. go. jp/POLICY/other/bluebook/1980/1980-1. htm). The beginning of deindustrialization from the late 60s to early 70s made income differentials rise to an all time high. However, consumers had a record ability to purchase quantities of commodities they never were able to purchase before. Due to the practice of US companies to outsource heavy engineering and manufacturing labor operations to less developed nations, income differentials rose dramatically. The US Gini coefficient in 2005 had increased from 1968’s 0. 386 to 0. 469. The difference between the wealthy and the impoverished grew larger by the close of the 1900s. The proportion of the national revenue appropriated by the wealthiest American household increased from 1977’s 18. % to 1990’s 24. 5%, whereas the proportion of the most poor dropped from 5. 7 percent to 4. 3 percent. Outside America’s trade circumstances worsened due to the development of a swelling trade shortfall by a combination of a passive American dollar and elevated foreign investment levels. The 1990s saw America plunge into an economic recession due to rising petroleum prices after Iraq invaded K uwait, reducing credit availability, and a steep interest rates rise (McConnell, Bruce, Flynn, 2006, 137). Output dropped by 1. 6 percent with 1. 7 million job opportunities being lost. Unemployment levels increased from 1989’s 5. 2 percent to 1991’s 7. 5 percent. As at 1998, unemployment rates had dropped to 4. 5% (Sheikh, 1999). The revival that commenced in 1991 launched a continuous expansion period, which boasted of being the 3rd largest, since the Second World War, in 2000. Actual GDP growth varied from 2 percent to 3. 5 percent; the figures for 1998 were 3. 9 percent. Following climaxing at 7. 5 percent, unemployment dropped progressively during the early and mid 1990s, dropping to 5. 6 percent by 1995, 5. 3 percent at the close of 1996, and remaining less than 5 percent in 1998. Inflation generally remained less than 3 percent past 1993/1994. The stock markets were exempted from being influenced by the restrained economic climate; they increased from 1995 to 1997 owing to reduced employment, strong company profits, and reduced inflation. Stock markets expansion had declined as at 1999/2000. The bipartisan balanced-financial plan, that was passed and ratified in 1997, was another reason for buoyancy. The scheme, merging spending and tax cuts over some 5-year duration, aimed to balance the national financial plan by the year 2002. The government, in 2001, predicted a $275 billion budget excess for the financial year ending 2001 September, a prediction that was soon reversed. At the dawn of the 21st century, substantial financial concerns, apart from the usual concern regarding how much longer the boom would last before ultimately collapsing, included America’s huge trade shortfall, the rising medical expenditures for aging citizens, plus the inability of the sturdy economic system to enhance the circumstances of the impoverished. Starting in 1975, household revenue gains were witnessed almost solely by the top 20 percent households. Nevertheless, towards the close of the 1990s plus early 21st century, productivity continued to expand, the job market was squeezed, and inflation remained comparatively low. Economic expansion halted by mid 2001, mainly owing to the conclusion of the extended asset boom, particularly within information technology sectors. The economic system suffered a recession towards the close of 2001, affecting the manufacturing and service sectors. The September 11th 2001 terrorist attacks on the US worsened the underperforming financial situation. 001 Mean real GDP growth increased by a mere 0. 3 percent. The economic system of the United states, which in the 1990s dictated worldwide economic progress, turned out to cause global financial decline in north America, Japan, Europe, southeast Asia, and Latin America. The economic system began a slow recovery in 2002; GDP growth estimates were 2. 45 percent. Scholars attributed such modest upturn to the capability of commerce think tanks to react t o financial inequities on the basis of real-time data, deregulation, plus creativity in product and financial markets. However, local confidence regarding the economic system continued to be low, and combined with key company failures, such as World Com and Enron, plus extra stock market limits, the upturn remained uneven and sluggish. Growth declined by the close of 2000, with unemployment rates rising to 6. 3 percent by July 2003. CPI rates of inflation dropped to below 1. 5 percent at the start of 2003. This raised anxieties regarding the possibility of deflation. There was also a significant increase in armed forces expenditure due to the 2003 Iraq war (http://resources. metapress. com/pdfpreview. xd? code=wr28t0l0n1187370&size=largest). After the Iraq war, consumer expenditure and stock values rebounded; housing market continued to be sturdy; inflation rates were low; extra tax reductions were enacted; the American dollar decreased in value on global markets; growth productivity was sturdy; and petroleum prices dropped (McConnell, Bruce, Flynn, 2006, 131). Due to such factors, numerous analysts forecasted a more positive financial situation come 2004. However, the national budget shortfall was predicted to amount to $455 billion in 2003, the biggest deficit ever recorded. The US economic climate was mainly shaped through private expenditure; the decline of private expenditure had a vital role in slowing down the gross national product growth rate. However, fixed ventures were as well already declining. Nevertheless, economic progress did not persistently decline in 1978; rather, it varied significantly from, one quarter to the next. Despite the fact that the rate of growth showed consistent patterns, the anticipated improvement regarding the US balance of payments was not realized. The year 1979 witnessed a sharp decline in car trade by America’s 3 main auto manufacturers, Ford, Chrysler, and General Motors. This led to the dismissal of about 100,000 employees in the automobile industry. By 2002, the US economy had a number of weaknesses and strengths. The strengths were witnessed in: the housing market; automobile sales; imports, military expenditure; and inflation. Weak segments were: the labor market; trade fixed investments; construction; bank loans; and profits. Regarding strong points, the housing sector witnessed sturdy price rises, averaging approximately 7 per year. Reduced interest rates allowed households to re-fund mortgages and dispense some gains on homes. Credit card and car loan access was as well simple. Such extra monetary resources support sturdy consumption expenditure. Regarding automobile sales, owing to sufficient liquidity, consumers could capitalize on low-cost funding incentives and price reductions to purchase automobiles at prodigious rates. However, automobile firms were unable to earn much due to the existence of a highly aggressive environment where pricing supremacy was non-existent (Yellen, 2008). Pertaining to imports, much consumption emerged in form of increased import levels and current account and trade deficits. In defense expenditure, the increase in armed forces hardware, particularly aviation spare parts and airplanes added approximately 0. 5 percent to GDP expansion. Inflation was mainly caused by petroleum and housing prices. In 2002, labor market growth was minimal and new layoffs diminished. Unemployment rate stood at 6 percent. Regarding trade fixed investments; there was tremendous surplus capacity within a number of ultra-modern industry sections, particularly telecommunications apparatus. Senior managers further tightened investment budgets. In the construction industry, the drop in non-housing property development was catastrophic. Local government and state infrastructure programs were downsized due to budgetary constraints. Regarding bank loans, standards were tightened and costs increased, particularly for borrowers with little creditworthiness. Loan demands dwindled. Regarding profits, numerous industries were not making any profits (http://www. nationsencyclopedia. com/Americas/United-States-ECONOMY. html). The US economy in 2008 shrunk at a 6. 3 percent yearly rate in the last quarter of 2008. Unemployment rates are increasing with about 13. million unemployed people, translating to an 8. 5 percent unemployment rate. This situation has worsened the home market problem. A recent Case-Shiller survey indicated that the decline in home prices increased in 20 surveyed city districts, declining nineteen percent per annum for the 3-month time period concluded in January 2009. Business owners have added to the problem by reducing expenses, especially the labor cost, and operating squeezed inventories, downsizing delivery lines, postponing all except the most compulsory capital spending, and generally evading risks in order to maintain business margins. The outcome is that the American economic system is static, with no new ventures and no gains (http://www. oecd. org/document/45/0,3343,en_2649_34573_38630765_1_1_1_1,00. html). The contraction of us overseas markets, that are essential to economic growth through the sale of high-value services and goods, is another negative development. The World Bank predicts that global economic systems will experience a 1. 7% decline in 2009, with international trade experiencing a 6. 1% decline. The Federal Reserve is taking radically proactive plus highly creative measures to reinstate credit market vibrancy and control financial decline. In about 1 year, the Federal Reserve has: set up a loan structure for main security merchants , adopting fresh types of guarantee for such loans; started exchange lines with 14 key trading partners , for example, Bank of Japan, European Central Bank, Bank of England, Banco de Mexico, Monetary Authority of Singapore, and Korean Central Bank , to offer such overseas central banks the capability to provide united states dollar financial support to organizations under their command ; developed facilities for backstopping financial market joint funds; started fresh mechanisms in conjunction with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. nd the Treasury to fortify particular banks’ security; carried out a key plan to buy business paper, which is a major element of the economic system; started to reimburse bank reserves interest; declared plans to purchase as much as $100 billion of Fannie Mae, Federal Home Loan, and Freddie Mac direct debts, and then pushed up the amount to $200 billion; declared plans to purchase $500 billion worth of the mortgage-backed securities supported by Freddie, Ginnie Mae, and Fannie, then pushed the amount to $1. 5 trillion; declared and recently implemented a novel facility for supporting the provision of asset-supported securities guaranteed by learner loans, credit card loans, car loans, plus loans collateralized by the Small Business Administration; and commenced the procedure of buying as much as $300 billion worth of long-term Treasury securities to assist enhance private credit markets conditions. In addition, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) lowered the federal funds levels to 0-1/4 of 1 percent. At the same time, the FMOC reduced the rates charged on banks when they borrow from FMOC’s discount window in order to reduce the credit cost to the economic system. Therefore, the balance sheet of the federal reserve has expanded to about $2 trillion currently, which ids in excess of twice the increase witnessed since its inception in 2008.