Case Study on Global Warming and Climate Change Assignment

Case Study on Global Warming and Climate Change - Assignment Example The animals provide the researcher with a great chance to acquire the necessary observation because they allow in making of experimental evidence for causation. The article discusses that there is growing evidence associating the outdoor polluted air exposure with the negative effects that appear in the reproductive health (Somers, 2011). Statement of air quality concern and its relevant to the environmental professional Exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to damage of male germ cells resulting to negative effects on reproductive health. Analysis of the key points in the article Effects of air exposure to human sperms One of the key points that the article discusses is that air exposure contributes in a significant way to the damage of human sperms (Somers, 2011). The author of the article indicates that even though few studies have been conducted concerning this issue, the ones that researchers have performed supports the fact that air pollution causes a negative effect in the reproductive health of both men and women (Somers, 2011). However, results in the areas that the study have been conducted indicates tends to be different. ... One of these limitations is that researchers fail to demonstrate causation of the effects even though it is evident that they occur. However, Somers (2011) indicates that researchers have managed to overcome the limitations using rodents. The animals are exposed to urban and industrial air pollution in order to provide the required results. The direct exposure to the pollution gives researchers a chance to determine the level of effects of sperms. The studies from this experiment indicate that ambient air pollution causes significant effects to many parts of the sentinel animals’ bodies. One of these body parts is the reproductive system. Somers (2011) indicates that a series of experiments on the sentinel animals have proven that particulate matter causes damage to the sperms. Linking the studies of human germ cell to that of sentinel animals Study on sentinel animals provides a chance of having reliable experiment. This is because the ambient air pollution tends to be a sing le variable on the experiment. Therefore, the experiment gives a clear casual links between exposures and end-points (Somers, 2011). Experiments in both humans and sentinel animals indicate there is an induced germline mutation. Moreover, the experiments indicate there is physical DNA damage and epigenetic changes in the sperms (Somers, 2011). However, it is difficult to draw conclusions about the whether the effects of the air pollution in animals and humans are the same. This is because both of them have never measured identical end-points. Conclusion The studies conducted on both humans and sentinel animals indicates there is a high probability that ambient air pollution exposure leads to the damage of male germ cells. The studies indicate that air pollution is

Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 21

Discussion Questions - Essay Example If one element would be selected for replacement or upgrade, it would be the software system because this is the system that needs most regular updates. This element should be updated regularly to ensure that all applications are being accessed and to be apprised of the most advanced developments that would facilitate the functioning of the unit. A consistent set of policies and procedures that would ensure the protection of information systems in the workplace should include intensifying authorizations to work areas, including access to information systems, through the use of advanced technological breakthroughs in ID checking, monitoring, and access. As such, these policies and procedures should be regularly reviewed and updated to reflect changing conditions in the workplace and to incorporate new technologies that intensify needed protection of privacy and confidentiality of personal, professional and organizational information. In one’s organization, as soon as biometric identification services were offered in the market, this was immediately implemented to strictly enforce security measures as part of the policies and procedures. IT managers, just like any other managers in any organization, could possibly fail when the functions and responsibilities expected of the position and role are not carried out, as required. This included being apprised of current and future trends in technology that would potentially impact and influence the operations of the organization. Therefore, managers must be aware of being too complacent with current operations, regardless of how efficient current operations are. To avoid these pitfalls, these managers must exemplify skills of introspection, information-processing, as well as resource generation and allocation skills that focus on being proactive, rather than reactive. When implementing both technical and organizational changes, some variables that need to be considered and incorporated are scanning the environment

Analyses of customer satisfaction in Ryan Air (dual case study of Research Proposal

Analyses of customer satisfaction in Ryan Air (dual case study of EasyJet and Ryan Air) - Research Proposal Example The fact that RyanAir’s annual profitability has failed to reach its target is a clear sign that the said airline company is experiencing a serious problem with regards to its customer service (Prattley, 2013). There is a lot of business advantages associated with delivering a good customer service. In general, a good customer service can lead to a higher profitability, increased in customer satisfaction and loyalty (Baker, 2013). After examining the impact of customer satisfaction on a company’s financial performance, Sun and Kim (2013) found out that it is possible for the levels of customer satisfaction to be reflected in the company’s profitability (i.e. profit margin, return on assets, and return on equity). In relation to the customer service of RyanAir, Smith (2013) reported that this particular airline company scored only 2 out of 5 for its staff’s attitude, knowledge, and ability to deal with customer-related problems. Today, RyanAir is not the only airline company that offers low-cost airfares. For this reason, there is a strongly possibility wherein the loyal customers of RyanAir To learn more on how RyanAir can further improve its customer service, a dual case study will be conducted for this purpose. In line with this, factors that can significantly affect the customer satisfaction of both RyanAir’s and EasyJet’s customers will be identified and analyzed respectively through the use of quantitative and qualitative research survey questionnaire. Continuous improvement in customer service is necessary in order to retain the loyal customers of RyanAir. For this reason, the proposed research study aims to determine the best way to increase the customer satisfaction of RyanAir. In relation to the main purpose of this study, the following research objectives will serve as a guide throughout the completion of the proposed research

Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 21

Discussion Questions - Essay Example If one element would be selected for replacement or upgrade, it would be the software system because this is the system that needs most regular updates. This element should be updated regularly to ensure that all applications are being accessed and to be apprised of the most advanced developments that would facilitate the functioning of the unit. A consistent set of policies and procedures that would ensure the protection of information systems in the workplace should include intensifying authorizations to work areas, including access to information systems, through the use of advanced technological breakthroughs in ID checking, monitoring, and access. As such, these policies and procedures should be regularly reviewed and updated to reflect changing conditions in the workplace and to incorporate new technologies that intensify needed protection of privacy and confidentiality of personal, professional and organizational information. In one’s organization, as soon as biometric identification services were offered in the market, this was immediately implemented to strictly enforce security measures as part of the policies and procedures. IT managers, just like any other managers in any organization, could possibly fail when the functions and responsibilities expected of the position and role are not carried out, as required. This included being apprised of current and future trends in technology that would potentially impact and influence the operations of the organization. Therefore, managers must be aware of being too complacent with current operations, regardless of how efficient current operations are. To avoid these pitfalls, these managers must exemplify skills of introspection, information-processing, as well as resource generation and allocation skills that focus on being proactive, rather than reactive. When implementing both technical and organizational changes, some variables that need to be considered and incorporated are scanning the environment

Iranian Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Iranian Women - Essay Example This system denounced the equal participation of women in any social or political activity. Women got expected to carry out their duties and roles according to their biological predisposition, which entitled them to bear children, take care of them, and provide comfort and satisfaction to their husbands (Ali, 2010). Over the last 20 years, changes have become effected in regards to women in the Iranian society. These changes have both freed and place restriction on women in the Iranian society. The proclamation of the Iranian constitution after the revolution served to change the view of women in the society. The constitution in its treaty of women’s rights and responsibilities recognizes women’s rights to high standards of learning. The constitution promotes the rights of women to attain higher education to the very highest academic levels. Women are encouraged through the constitution to seek the highest quantitative and qualitative levels of specialist skills. During the last 20 years, the Islamic revolution has managed to attain significant levels of equality in eradicating illiteracy among the Iranian population. The percentage of literate women in Iran has risen over the last 20 years (Ali, 2010). ... Women also face restrictions in pursuing higher education in various fields of study in the country. Some fields of study get taught in segregated classrooms. Culturally, women have also become viewed with much dignity with a special emphasis on not letting them become viewed as sexual objects. Leaders and managers have placed emphasis on the notion of not letting women get exploited as sexual objects in the country. A law that got enacted in 1988 prohibits the abuse of individuals, which includes disrespecting women or abusing a woman’s body through text or image. The revolution also resulted to the imposition of various cultural restrictions on women in Iran (Afshar, 2012). The revolution emphasized on the need for women to wear hijabs to in all public places to avoid receiving unwanted attention. According to the Islamic council of Iran, it is vital for women to wear hijabs to maintain their purest forms. Women are expected to cover their body and hair except for their hand s and faces. Women are also not encouraged to use cosmetics. Punishment for not wearing hijabs may range from verbal reprimands, whip lashing, and even imprisonment. The legal marriage age for a girl in Iran is 9 years, which got reduced from the initial 18years. Polygamy is very much legal in the country with men allowed to marry various wives. Women are not allowed to travel without the approval in writing of their husbands (Povey & Rostemi-Povey, 2013). Women do not get allowed to get in the company of other men who are not their husbands or male relatives. Women also get restricted to participate in sporting activities that may allow them to get seen by men. They are also not allowed to watch men’s

Alcoholic Beverage Essay Example for Free

Alcoholic Beverage Essay Alcoholism is a chronic problem that includes difficulty in controlling drinking, having to drink consistently to get physical independence, being preoccupied with alcohol, and continually using alcohol regardless of problems it causes (Brick, 2004). Alcohol should not be legal in U. S. because it is impacts negatively on health, family, community and on a person’s education. Alcohol drinking is like taking a drug. It is a form of drug addiction and drug abuse. Alcoholism is a worldwide problem that affects many people. Drinking alcohol has negative short and long term effects. Alcoholism has been associated with adverse effects on health, family, community, and education (Marshall, 2000). However, the effects on a person depends on particular factors such as how often and how much alcohol is taken, a person’s age, gender, when a person begun drinking and how long they have been drinking, their health, and family history (Begleiter amp; Kissin, 1996). It is in this regard that alcohol should not be legal in the United States. Alcohol is addictive, and people become addicts end up spending a lot of money on alcohol. It means that when they spend all the money they have on alcohol, they forget their families, and are not able to support the community in anyway. Some resort to stealing to sustain their drinking habit. Alcohol addicts sometimes engage in robbery acts to get the money for drinks. Community becomes at risk of destruction with excessive alcohol consumption allowed. When many people engage in excessive consumption of alcohol, education becomes at risk. People drop out of school, and illiteracy level increase in the community. In addition, the progress and development of any community depends on the health of its people. Therefore, when alcohol puts the health of its members at risk, community suffers in the long run. Alcohol affects both female and male differently. Men who consume alcohol, daily have an increased risk of health risks. Such men can experience cancer and heart disease in the long-term and low energy to sexual difficulties in the short-term (Brick, 2004). Men are more likely to suffer from liver cirrhosis, and have higher chances of being diagnosed with high blood pressure. Nearly 26. 6% of deaths among men of between 16 and 24 years old can be attributed to alcohol consumption. Men tend to be more dependent of alcohol (Marshall, 2000). Drinking too much alcohol damages a person’s body organs such as liver, brain, stomach, heart,and intestines. Brain is adversely affected because the brain cells die leading to loss of memory, learning difficulties, brain disorders, confusion, and problems with attention (Blane amp; Leonard, 1999). Liver is highly affected because of the great possibility of developing cancer in the liver, throat and mouth. The stomach may also acquire ulcers. Long-term drinking has also been linked to stroke and heart failure. The nervous system can also experience damage leading to behavioral and physical problems (Dasgupta, 2011). These problems affect health, family, community, and education in the long-term because of expenses associated with alcohol consumption, and possible treatment measures. Alcohol poses many effects on the body such as fertility. It reduces levels of testosterone. As a result, it could decline sperm quantity and quality, and lead to loss of libido. Alcohol is toxic to the testicles, and affects hormones. It could hamper production of sperms, hinder them from developing properly, and slow their movement towards the egg. Alcohol can also limit the liver from metabolizing vitamin A properly. It also depresses the nervous system, and could result in difficulty in getting and keeping erection (Peters, 2008). Many young adults do not realize that alcohol has a fattening effect. Alcohol can reduce the amount of fat that the body burns for energy. The human body makes several attempts to eliminate alcohol 1 / 3 very fast as it cannot remain in the body for storage. The process takes priority over nutrient absorption and burning of fat. In the long-term, there could be a serious damage in the appearance. Other effects include loss of hair in the body, breast enlargement, and withering of testicles (Dasgupta, 2011). Alcohol has also been associated with worsening of skin disorders such as rosacae. Rosacae skin disorder is responsible for expansion of blood vessels in the face making it redder. Heavy drinking can cause the appearance of pus spots and red bumps. It has also been linked to inflammation, pain and swelling in the joints. The effect is common among men of between 30 and 60 years old (Hannigan, Spear, Spear amp; Goodlett, 1999). As mentioned earlier, heavy drinking increases the chances of heart disease, liver damage, bone disease, cancer, anxiety and depression, and type II diabetes. Heavy consumption of alcohol also caused inflammation on the pancreas and irritates stomach. These effects indirectly affect family, community and education (Peters, 2008). Women are not safe from alcohol either. The body of women takes much time to process alcohol compared to men. Women feel more effects of alcohol than men even when they drink the same amount. The fertility of women is at risk with heavy consumption of alcohol. Women are high risk of acquiring breast cancer, and adverse impacts of the menopause. Women are advised in several studies to avoid alcohol when trying to have a baby. Alcohol disrupts menstrual cycle in women, and limits their chances of conceiving. These are bad effects on the body, and not good for family and community in general. Therefore, alcohol should not be legal in the United States (Hannigan, Spear, Spear amp; Goodlett, 1999). While drinking less alcohol may make one look good, heavy consumption causes bad skin, tired eyes, and weight gain for both female and male. It also interferes with people’s sleep. Heavy consumers of alcohol often wake up and feel like they have not had enough rest. Alcohol dehydrates the body and skin. It deprives the skin of certain vital nutrients and vitamins. Hence, it is not good for health. Alcohol is also responsible for much divorce among couples due to fights in the family, and lack of finances for family upkeep (Dasgupta, 2011). Alcohol is depressant. It means that alcohol calms people down, and slows down some body organs. With only 0. 05% level of blood-alcohol, a person begins getting dulled judgment, and his or her inhibitions get released. They then become clumsy and start having slurred speech with only a 0. 10% blood-alcohol level. At 0. 30% level of blood-alcohol, one nearly becomes unconscious. Any addition after that becomes extremely dangerous since at 0. 45%, one can get into a coma. Brain shuts down from 0. 70% and stop controlling the heart, breathing, and one may end up dead. Other short-term effects include blurred vision, blackouts and insomnia. These can lead to injuries, accidents, and even death. Drinking alcohol also causes hangover in the next morning, which is associated with nausea, headaches, heartburn, fatigue, thirst, and dizziness. There are many side effects of alcohol (Peters, 2008). Conclusion In conclusion, consumption of alcohol should be reconsidered in U. S because of its adverse effects on health, family, community, and education. Alcohol should only be taken when necessary. The side effects are adverse and continue to destroy people across the world. Therefore, alcohol should not be legal in the United States because it is impacts negatively on health, family, community and on a person’s education. References Begleiter, H. , amp; Kissin, B. (1996). The pharmacology of alcohol and alcohol dependence. New York: Oxford University Press. Blane, H. T. , amp; Leonard, K. E. (1999). Psychological theories of drinking and alcoholism. New York [u. a. : Guilford Press. Brick, J. (2004). Handbook of the medical consequences of alcohol and drug abuse. New York: Haworth Press. Dasgupta, A. (2011).

Relationship Between Transformational And Transactional Leadership Skills Education Essay

Relationship Between Transformational And Transactional Leadership Skills Education Essay This paper will evaluate the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership skills in principals of kindergarten through eight grade schools. Seven various sources containing journals and studies have been critiqued and delineated. The discovery from these articles is that principals with transactional and transformational qualities lead effectively. The ultimate goal of a principal is to create a safe learning environment where students are able to learn to their highest potential. The focus of this paper is to explore grade schools ranging from kindergarten through eight grades and to provide the reader with ample qualities of an effective transformational and transactional leader. Problem Statement Recent studies suggest that kindergarten through eighth grade students in the United States are struggling to meet standards and are falling behind (Lucas Valentine, 2002). Educators and principals must be held accountable. Transformational and transactional leaders obtain skills that will promote student success and teacher accountability. Leaders that guide educators, peers, parents, and students within the transactional and transformational approach will result in a positive school environment and students will work to their highest potential. Purpose Statement The purpose of this research is to provide principals, or leaders with effective tools for guiding, creating, and leading efficient and successful schools. Principals need to have a clear, concise grasp on leading effectively. This dissertation will provide them with accurate studies that support transactional and transformational leadership. Research Questions and Objectives Transformational and transactional leadership defined Implementing transformational and transactional leadership skills for principals Educators effectively teaching under the guidance of a transformational and transactional leader Promoting student success and achievement for principals of kindergarten through eighth grade schools Body Transformational and Transactional Leadership Skills Defined Charisma, inspiration, and effectively communicating with subordinates are three qualities of transactional and transformational leaders (Anderson, 2008). Principals that obtain these characteristics will create a respectful rapport with educators, parents, and students (Hood, Poulson, Mason, Walker, Dixon, 2009; Lucas, Valentine, 2002). Transformational leaders inspire and create positive working environments (Bono Judge, 1004). Transactional and transformational leaders encourage team work and cooperative learning strategies. Educators that are led under the transformational and transactional approach will be able to share ideas with other members of the school community. Educators will be advised to observe other classroom settings and learn form other teachers (Chin, 2007). Principals that lead in this approach will create a positive working and learning environment. Students will be able to learn effectively and educators will be encouraged to work with and learn from fellow peers. One recent study explored the transformational leader and concludes that leaders whom hold subordinates accountable and continuously evaluate and critique in a positive manor will be successful leaders (Chin, 2007). This type of accountability can be measured though self evaluations (Pounder, 2008). Transformational and transactional approached to leadership must be implemented for a successful school environment (Lucas Valentine, 2002). Researchers studied teacher reports and focused on five areas consisting of shared goals, teaching collaboration, teacher learning, teacher certainty, and teacher commitment. The authors hypothesized school principals whom score high in the identified five factors are effective transformational leaders relating to student success in schools. They intended for educators to complete a survey that evaluates their principals transformational leadership style. These eighteen elementary principals and their faculties were asked to return the survey in order for the author to properly assess the evaluations (Lucas Valentine, 2002). With the collected data, the authors discovered that increased transformational leadership principals were associated with schools that demonstrated enhanced levels of social organizations reflective of effective schools. The study also investigated two research questionnaires. The first was questionnaire was from Bass and the second from Avolio. These questionnaires determined that increased transformational principals are associated with schools that show high levels of social organizations and student success, confirming the authors hypothesis (Lucas Valentine, 2002). Educators effectively teaching under the guidance of a transformational and transactional leader Variable One: Evaluation and Accountability One important quality of effective teaching is that educators are able to self evaluate and self examine their teaching strategies (Pounder, 2008). Prior to school beginning, teachers will be asked by the transactional principal to self evaluate one lesson per quarter of the upcoming school year. The lesson plan will be submitted to the principal. The educator will note the pros and cons of their lesson. Self evaluation will promote the educators ability to ensure that effective lessons and activities are taught and implemented in the classroom (Poulson, Mason, Walker, Dixon, 2009; Lucas, Valentine, 2002). Principals that lead in the transactional and transformational approach can also encourage educators to evaluate other peers. Educators can learn from one another, share ideas, and cooperatively teach under this type of leadership. (Poulson, Mason, Walker, Dixon, 2009). This environment will result in a positive atmosphere for parents, teachers, students, and staff members. Similar to self evaluation and peer evaluation, the transformational and transactional principal will be able to evaluate and observe the educator. The principal will meet with the teacher prior to the observed lesson. The principal will be provided with the educators lesson plan and together they will select a date for the observation. Next, the principal will observe the lesson. This transformational and transactional leader will ask the following questions (Anderson, 2008; Lucas, Valentine, 2002): Did the teacher grasp the students attention? Were the students engaged throughout the lesson? Was the material presented in a clear, concise manor? Were the needs of each type of learner met in the lesson? What were the students doing throughout the lesson? Did the teacher check for understanding and ask follow-up questions? How was the lesson concluded? These are seven questions that the principal will note throughout the lesson. Finally, the principal and teacher will have a post conference regarding the observation. At this conference, the principal will be able to provide the educator with notes and comments pertaining to the observed lesson. The principal will be able to discuss strengths and weaknesses and offer tools for improvement (Bono Judge, 2004. Variable Two: Professional Growth Transformational and transactional leaders must encourage members to continually enhance professional growth. Continuous learning for educators will promote effective educators. As a transformational and transactional principal, opportunities for growth and improvement must be available for educators. Workshops, seminars, and meeting are essential for effective education and for teacher accountability (Bono Judge, 2004). Promoting student success and achievement Students will excel under a transformational and transactional leader (Chin, 2007). Students respond positively to leaders that are charismatic, intellectual, and creative. Students are able to establish a respectful rapport with the administration and school personal (Chin, 2007). Principals whom establish the foundation of transformational and transactional leadership skills will promote student success and achievement. Data from 1,762 educators and 9,941 students in one large school district were obtained to explore the effects of transformational leadership practices on selected organization conditions and student engagement within the schools. The results confirmed that there were strong significant effects of such transformational and transactional leadership on student success rate. This partciular article was qualitative and provided copious amount of information relating to the field of transformational leadership and its benefit in schools (Leithwood, 2000). Transformational and transactional leaders obtain qualities that are inspiring and successful. Principals who lead in this approach will create a safe learning environment where students are able to learn to their highest potential (Hood, Poulson, Mason, Walker, Dixon, 2009). Teacher accountability and performance is the second step within the transformational and transactional approach (Chin, (2007). Teachers must be able to self evaluate, evaluate peers, and participate in principal-teacher evaluation. Educators must continue to grow professional and continue their education.